Pemerintah Bongkar Alasan Pertambangan Ilegal Merajalela Di RI

Jakarta, CNBC Indonesia - Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) membeberkan Pertambangan Tanpa Izin (PETI) alias tambang ilegal masih marak terjadi di Indonesia. Hal tersebut terjadi lantaran kegiatan penambangan ilegal melibatkan banyak pihak.

Direktur Teknik & Lingkungan Ditjen Minerba Kementerian ESDM, Hendra Gunawan mengatakan alasan dibalik sulitnya pemberantasan PETI di Indonesia lantaran kegiatan ini melibatkan berbagai pihak. Selain itu, lokasi penambangan ilegal berada di wilayah yang sulit dijangkau.

"Ini benang merah pertama, melibatkan masalah lokal yang mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi. Ini sudah kami alami. Misalnya di Sumatera, cek lokasi ternyata luar biasa hampir gak mungkin via darat tapi faktanya ramai," kata Hendra dalam acara Coffee Morning CNBC Indonesia, Rabu (20/11/2024).

Dari sisi penindakan, Hendra menjelaskan bahwa penambangan ilegal dapat dikenai sanksi pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp 100 miliar. Hal ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.

"Apakah hukuman yang diberikan gak cukup bikin efek jera? Terus terang kami baru menindak sampai tuntas bersama kejaksaan ini sudah berproses dan saya dapat info kita ingin ke TPPU nya. Bukan hanya masalah PETI saja," katanya.

Sebagaimana diketahui, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) telah membentuk Direktorat Jenderal Penegakan Hukum (Gakkum) untuk memperkuat pengawasan dan penindakan hukum di sektor energi dan sumber daya mineral.

Pembentukan Ditjen Gakkum ini tertuang di dalam Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 169 Tahun 2024 tentang Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, dan ditetapkan oleh Presiden Prabowo Subianto pada 5 November 2024.

Pembentukan Ditjen Gakkum bertujuan sebagai langkah nyata pemerintah dalam memberantas praktik PETI yang semakin marak di berbagai wilayah Indonesia.

Ditjen Gakkum bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Menteri ESDM dan dipimpin oleh seorang Direktur Jenderal. Ditjen anyar tersebut juga mempunyai tugas untuk merumuskan dan melaksanakan kebijakan penegakan hukum di bidang energi dan sumber daya mineral.

"Direktorat Jenderal Penegakan Hukum Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral mempunyai tugas menyelenggarakan perumusan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan di bidang penegakan hukum energi dan sumber daya mineral," bunyi Pasal 24, dikutip Kamis (7/11/2024).

(pgr/pgr)

Sumber: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20241120135714-4-589683/pemerintah-bongkar-alasan-pertambangan-ilegal-merajalela-di-ri?_gl=1*qu0g4o*_ga*TENQaFdoMmNjb0hBeExrMGtKOGNzajM2N0hUR2JGX1p1b0dKb0ZKUGdSQjZSak1zampDWElmNFo3Y25QU1dqMw..*_ga_PMGGC5X61E*MTczMjI0MTkxOC41LjEuMTczMjI0MTk1Mi4wLjAuMA

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Cost Of Government Support For Fossil Fuels Still High

The cost of government measures to support the consumption and production of fossil fuels dropped by almost third last year as energy prices declined from record highs in 2022, according to a new report published today by the OECD. But the level of fiscal support remained higher than the historical average despite government pledges to reduce carbon emissions.

In an analysis of 82 economies, data from the OECD and the IEA found that government support for fossil fuels fell to an estimated $1.1 trillion in 2023 from $1.6 trillion a year earlier. Although energy prices were lower last year than in 2022, countries maintained various fiscal measures to both stimulate fossil fuel production and reduce the burden of high energy costs for consumers, the OECD said.

The measures are in the form of direct payments by governments to individual recipients, tax concessions and price support. The latter includes "direct price regulation, pricing formulas, border controls or taxes, and domestic purchase or supply mandates", the OECD said.

These government interventions come at a large financial cost and increase carbon emissions, undermining the net-zero transition, the report said.

Of the estimated $1.1 trillion of support, direct transfers and tax concessions accounted for $514.1bn, up from $503.7bn in 2022. Transfers amounted to $269.8bn, making them more costly than tax concessions of $244.3bn.

Some 90pc of the transfers were to support consumption by households and companies, the rest was to support producers. The residential sector benefited from a 22pc increase from a year earlier, and support to manufacturers and industry increased by 14pc. But the majority of fuel consumption measures are untargeted, and support largely does not land where it is needed, the OECD said.

The "under-pricing" of fossil fuels amounted to $616.4bn last year, around half of the 2022 level, the report said. "Benchmark prices (based on energy supply costs) eased, particularly for natural gas, thereby decreasing the difference between the subsidised end-user prices and the benchmark prices," it said.

In terms of individual fossil fuels, the fiscal cost of support for coal fell the most, to $27.7bn in 2023 from $43.5bn a year earlier. The cost of support for natural gas has grown steadily in recent years, amounting to $343bn last year compared with $144bn in 2018. The upward trend is explained by its characterisation as a transition fuel and the disruption of Russian pipeline supplies to Europe, the report said.

By Alejandro Moreano and Tim van Gardingen

Data-center Reliance On Fossil Fuels May Delay Clean-energy Transition

BAKU, Azerbaijan/NEW YORK, Nov 21 (Reuters) - A spike in electricity demand from the world's big data providers is raising a worrying possibility for the world's climate: a near-term surge in fossil-fuel use.

Utilities, power regulators and researchers in a half-dozen countries told Reuters the surprising growth in power demand driven by the rise of artificial intelligence and cloud computing is being met in the near-term by fossil fuels like natural gas, and even coal, because the pace of clean-energy deployments is moving too slowly to keep up.

In the United States, home to a third of world data centers, utilities are adding new gas plants and delaying the retirements of fossil-fuel power plants as a slew of sprawling new data centers plug in to the grid. In Poland, Germany and Malaysia, coal could also be in the mix, according to interviews with company executives, regulators and analysts.

The outlook poses a new obstacle to world governments, now gathered at the UN’s annual climate conference in Baku, which are already struggling to meet ambitious targets to decarbonize power systems.

COP29 host Azerbaijan held the first-ever Digitalization Day at a world climate summit and launched a declaration, endorsed so far by 68 countries including China and Korea, to limit the environmental impact of digitalization.

The outlook also reveals the shortcomings of data-company pledges to be green. Companies including Meta Platforms (META.O), Microsoft (MSFT.O), and Amazon.com (AMZN.O), are committing to sourcing renewable energy and zeroing out emissions with clean power and offset credits - but often that only means siphoning clean power out of the grid that could have been used somewhere else.

Meanwhile, agreements by data providers to power new data centers with advanced nuclear reactors, opens new tab or resurrected nuclear plants are uncertain and years off.

"I think everyone agrees that we need more and more renewable energy to keep up with a growing demand," said Meta spokesman Jim Cullinan. "I think it is up to the utilities to comment on how they will fill the supply."

Amazon told Reuters that investing in new renewable energy for the grid, including in regions relying heavily on fossil fuels, is part of its strategy to decarbonize.

Investment bank Morgan Stanley projects the global data-center industry will produce around 2.5 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent through the end of the decade, the equivalent of Russia's annual emissions.

PUMPING THE GAS

Northern Virginia in the U.S. has the biggest concentration of data centers in the world. Utility Dominion (D.N), opens new tab, which serves the area, has an answer: gas.

The utility is building a 1,000-megawatt gas plant in Chesterfield County and recently slashed its 15-year projection for renewables to 80% from 95% of its power mix.

"Overall, power demand in our service territory is growing at an unprecedented pace," said spokesman Aaron Ruby.

Several other U.S. utilities said they are keeping on fossil-fired power plants longer and building new facilities as data-center demand grows, according to a Reuters review of recent company earnings calls.

Entergy (ETR.N), opens new tab, for example, began building its first natural gas-fired power plant in a half-century, the company said. The 754-MW power station will serve two Amazon data-center complexes being built in Mississippi.

Nearly half of utility NiSource's (NI.N), opens new tab new $19.3 billion capital expenditure plan through 2029, meanwhile, will be spent on natural gas system improvements, the company said. NiSource covers some of the most quickly developing data center markets in parts of Indiana, Ohio and Virginia.

Rob Thummel, senior portfolio manager at Tortoise Capital, said natural gas is a clear answer for data centers.

"It's just the lowest cost, most reliable and it is decarbonizing in terms of it replacing coal," he said. "Is it perfect solution? No. But I don't know if we have a perfect solution to power these data centers."

S&P said data centers could add between 3 billion and 6 billion cubic feet per day, opens new tab to U.S. natural gas demand by the end of the decade.

That will worsen the U.S. performance on emissions, possibly for decades, clean-energy consultancy RMI said.

"Data centers are just a warm-up act compared to the amount of electrification we’re going to have going forward. And if our first instinct is to start building gas plants and nuclear plants in order to do that, we're just going to create an energy system we cannot afford," RMI CEO Jon Creyts said.

President-elect Donald Trump has said he intends to boost the U.S. power system when he takes office, and sources close to his transition team have said his plans are likely to prioritize gas development over renewables.

COAL IN THE MIX?

Research firm McKinsey said in a report last month most of the increase in data-center power consumption in the European Union by 2030 will be supplied low-carbon sources.

McKinsey declined to elaborate when asked whether low-carbon sources included natural gas, and whether the trend could prolong the life of coal.

In some parts of Europe, data centers will need coal.

In Poland, for example, a rush of new datacenter projects will need to run at least partially off baseload sources like coal because of the still-low volume of renewables in the country, according to Szymon Kowalski, deputy head of Re-Source Poland, a platform for corporate renewable energy sourcing.

The share of coal in Poland’s energy mix has been falling for years as it ramps up renewables, but still stood above 60% in 2023, according to the International Energy Agency.

In Ireland, meanwhile, data centers now account for over 20% of electricity consumption, according to the IEA.

System operator EirGrid told Reuters it will meet demand with 650 MW of temporary emergency generation capacity, and by delaying the retirement of older generators. It said natural gas would be an important part of the mix.

Ireland’s only coal station, ESB Group’s 915 MW Moneypoint plant, extended its retirement date last year to 2029 from 2025, but intends to burn fuel oil instead of coal during that period.

In Germany, Microsoft this year announced plans to expand data-center capacity with a 3.2 billion euro ($3.38 billion) investment, near the 400-meter-deep Hambach coal mine.

Microsoft declined to say whether the project would rely on coal. "We are still in an early stage of the project, that's why we do not comment," spokesperson Jo Klein said.

In Malaysia, some data companies are taking power from the coal and gas-dominated grid instead of paying a premium for renewables, according to a government official familiar with the matter. Less than 50% of the green power Malaysia has sought to auction this year has been purchased, the official said.

Indonesia Can Reach Net Zero Emissions Before 2050, President Says

JAKARTA, Nov 20 (Reuters) - Indonesia is optimistic it can reach net zero emissions before 2050, a decade earlier than previously targeted, President Prabowo Subianto told a G20 forum,

Prabowo also said Indonesia planned to retire all coal and fossil-fuel-fired power plants within the next 15 years, versus an earlier target of 2056, according to a statement from his office released on Wednesday.

Indonesia will build 75 gigawatts of renewable power plants within the next 15 years, he added, echoing a commitment his envoy told the COP29 climate summit last week.

"We are also situated along the equator, therefore we have more than plenty of sunlight to fuel solar-based energy," Prabowo told the forum.

"We have other sources of renewables and that's why we are very optimistic that we can achieve net zero before 2050."

Indonesia is one the world's biggest greenhouse gas emitters and its top exporter of thermal coal. But it is also home to the world's third biggest rainforests.

Its current installed power capacity is more than 90 GW, with more than half of that powered by coal and less than 15% by renewables.

Bauran Energi Primer Pembangkit Listrik RI Masih Dikuasai Batu Bara

JAKARTA - Wakil Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) Yuliot Tanjung mengungkapkan bauran energi primer pembangkit listrik Indonesia hingga Agustus 2024 sebagian besar masih dikuasai oleh oleh pembangkit batu bara.

"Penyediaan tyenaga listrik masih didominasi oleh pembangkit batu bara dengan bauran sekitar 67 persen," ujar Yuliot dalam sambutannya pada Electricity Connect 2024, Rabu, 20 November.

Dikatakan Yuliot, berdasarkan target yang tercantum dalam APBN 2024, pemerintah mengharapkan ketersediaan energi listrik yang berasal dari batu bara itu sekitar 65 persen. Adapun realisasi hingga Agustus 2024 tercatat sebesar 67 persen.

Untuk pembangkit gas, pemerintah menargetkan sebesar 17,72 persen, disusul PLTA sebesar 6.88 persen, panas bumi sebesar 5,33 persen, BBM dan BBN sebesar 3,06 persen, biomassa sebesar 1,02 persen dan EBT lainnya sebesar 0,25 persen.

"Ya tentu dalam rangka bagaimana kita mengurangi emisi, ya khususnya emisi rumah kaca, kita mengharapkan ke depan untuk bauran energi ini bisa kita lakukan penyesuaian, jadi sehingga mayoritas energi baru terbarukan itu bisa disediakan," sambung Yuliot.

Adapun realisasi untuk pembangkit gas baru mencapai 17 persen, disusul PLTA sebesar 7 persen, panas bumi sebesar 5 persen, serta BBN dan BBM sebesar 4 persen.

Yuliot menyebut, untuk energi baru terbarukan pemerintah memastikan akan ada pengembangan-pengembangan yang terkait dengan teknologi, serta membutuhkan pembangunan teknologi pembangkit baru dan kebutuhan investasi dam jumlah yang besar.

Dari sisi potensi, Tuliot bilang pemanfaatan EBT di Indonesia, ini masih banyak ruang pemanfaatan yang bisa dilakukan.

"Kita bisa melihat untuk surya kita memiliki potensi sebesar 3.294 gigawatt, sementara yang baru termanfaatkan itu adalah sekitar 675 megawatt," terang dia.

Adapun untuk potens hidro, Indonesia diketahui memiliki potensi sekitar 95 gigawatt dengan potensi yang sudah termanfaatkan sebesar 6,6 gigawatt. Untuk bioenergi, Indonesia memiliki potensi sebesar 57 gigawatt, yang baru termanfaatkan sekitar 3,4 gigawatt.

"Gasifikasi batubara, ini ada potensi yang belum kita manfaatkan. Ya sementara di dalam pelaksananya ini kita sudah memanfaatkan gasifikasi batubara sebesar 250 megawatt, sementara untuk angin kita memiliki potensi sekitar 155 gigawatt, baru termanfaatkan sekitar 152 megawatt," pungkas Yuliot.

Khawatir Pasokan Dari Rusia-Ukraina Seret, Harga Batu Bara Melejit

Jakarta, CNBC Indonesia - Harga batu bara dunia menguat dipengaruhi oleh eskalasi perang antara Rusia dan Ukraina yang semakin meluas. Hal ini terjadi pasca Amerika Serikat (AS) mengizinkan Ukraina menggunakan senjata jarak jauhnya, Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS), menyerang kota-kota Rusia.

Harga batu bara global acuan Newcastle untuk kontrak Desember pada Rabu (20/11/2024) tercatat US$142,25 per ton, menguat 0,35?ri posisi sebelumnya.

Seperti diketahui Rusia dan Ukraina adalah pemasok batu bara untuk Eropa dan dunia. Jika perang terus berlanjut ada kekhawatiran mengenai pasokan yang terhambat sehingga mengerek harga.

Rudal maut AS telah digunakan Ukrina untuk menembak sejumlah target di Bryansk, Rusia pada Selasa (19/11/2024). Menteri Luar Negeri Rusia Sergey Lavrov yang berada di KTT G20 Brasil dengan tegas meneriakkan hal tersebut adalah "peningkatan perang".

Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin juga membalas dengan menandatangani doktrin nuklir baru yang tampaknya dimaksudkan sebagai "peringatan" bagi Washington. Doktrin tersebut menurunkan batas kapan Rusia dapat menggunakan senjata atom untuk menanggapi serangan yang mengancam integritas teritorialnya.

Sementara itu, dalam pemberitaan terbaru sejumlah media Inggris, Ukraina dilaporkan telah menembakkan rudal Storm Shadow, yang dipasok negara itu, ke Rusia. Ini merupakan untuk pertama kalinya, senjata mematikan yang bisa menembus bunker dan gudang amunisi tersebut digunakan dalam perang di Eropa itu.

"Beberapa rudal diluncurkan terhadap setidaknya satu target militer Rusia," tulis The Financial Times, mengutip seorang pejabat Barat yang tidak disebutkan namanya.

"Sumber pemerintah telah mengonfirmasi penggunaan rudal jarak jauh untuk pertama kalinya," tambahnya.

Hal sama juga dimuat The Guardian. Dikatakan bahwa Inggris telah memberi Ukraina izin untuk menggunakan rudal di Rusia sebagai tanggapan atas pengerahan pasukan Korea Utara oleh Moskow di perbatasan.

Media Ukraina mengunggah rekaman video udara dari pesawat nirawak yang memperlihatkan serangkaian ledakan di tempat yang tampaknya merupakan kawasan permukiman pedesaan. Mereka menyebut lokasi tersebut sebagai Maryino.

Para blogger militer pro-Rusia menulis bahwa sekitar selusin rudal Storm Shadow ditembakkan ke sasaran di wilayah perbatasan Kursk. Sebagian wilayah Rusia itu kini dikuasai oleh pasukan Ukraina.

Pemerintah Bongkar Alasan Pertambangan Ilegal Merajalela Di RI

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